This blog is a part of thinking activity given by Dilip sir .
Introduction:-
"While I thought that I was learning how to live, I have been learning how to die."
- Leonardo Da Vinci
The term 'Literature' has origin from Latin word littera, 'Letter'. Litrature is a term or we can say a word which express human emotions through words. Ancient Egyptian literature, along with sumerian literature, are considered world's oldest literature. So many writers write novel, drama, prose, poetry, novella, short stories, electronic Literature, nonfiction and other different genres, this all are considered as literature. In nowadays cinema, advertisement, script this all things too considered as a part of a literature.
There were so many writers contributed and gave literature a different meaning but today's Literature is different from ancient literature. Literature is divided into so many ages from Ancient to now.
- Old English (Anglo-Saxon) Period (450 - 1066)
- Middle English Period (1066 - 1500)
- The Renaissance age (1500 - 1660)
- The Restoration age (1660 - 1700)
- The Augustine age ( 1700 - 1745)
- The age of Sensibility ( 1745 - 1785)
- The Romantic period ( 1785 - 1832)
- The Victorian period (1832 - 1901)
- The Modern period ( 1901 - 1945)
- The Post-Morden period (1945...........)
(Middle Commonwealth, Restoration age, Augustan age and The age of Sensibility also called as Neo classical period)
In this blog I am going to discuss or elaborate ideas on Edmund Spencer, Renaissance age and other writers, poets and ages.
Renaissance Era:-
The word 'Renaissance' literally means 'Rebirth' and it begin in Italy in the 14th century and subsequently spread throughout Europe during 15th, 16th and 17th century. Renaissan in England coincided with the reign of Elizabeth I who was queen of England and Ireland from 1558 under 1603, so it is commonly referred to as the Elizabeth period cause in this period literature rebirthing after the dark age. In this period works again developed by writers and poets which people want to read and get interested into it.
England's Renaissance in the realm of the thought and art is epitomised by the official recognition that Elizabeth I gave to Oxford and Cambridge. These universities were acknowledged as the focal point for the Nation's learning and scholarly activities. Other historical development which shape the direction of Elizabeth literature including the invention of the printing press to England in 1476 which introduced by William Caxton.
The Renaissance age flourished under Elizabeth I. Her personal love of poetry, music and drama helped to establish a climate in which it was fashionable for the wealthy members of the court to support the arts. Theatres such as the Globe (1599) and the Rose (1587) were built and writers such as Ben Johnson, Christopher Marlow and William Shakespeare wrote comic and tragic plays.
In this time Latin was still used for much of the Literature early in the period. Edmund Spencer's "The Faerie Queene" was written in English and it broke new ground with respect to what could be achieved with this language. The new directions that philosophy of humanism was creating at the time influenced both Spencer and Sydney. A form of Sonnet called either the shakespearean Sonnet or the Elizabethan Sonnet became fashionable. Poorer audience members were required to stand for the duration of the performance while wealthier people could sit in elevated seats. Experimentation with the English language led to the rise in favour of Blank verse. New discoveries could bring untold riches in term of gold and silver and spices - The Elizabethan explorers were searching for the adventure, glory and wealth offered during the age of Exploration. The greatest English explorers of the age of Exploration were Sir Francis Drake, Sir Walter Raleigh, Sir Humphrey Gilbert, Sir John Hawkins, Sir Richard Grenville and Sir Martin Frobisher.
What is Renaissance?
The Renaissance in Europe was in one sense an awakening from the long slumber of the dark Ages. Thinkers adopted line of considered renowned as 'Humanism'in which mankind was accepted capable of earthly perfection beyond the what had ever been envisaged before.
The stable increase of nationalism, connected with the first flourishing of democracy, were traits widespread to the entire countries. Middle class began to gain power in the towns, as trade and commerce became full enterprise in their own right.
Latest trends in Venice soon became the fashions in Paris and finally London. In the British Islands, the well-known perform of young privileged men touring the countries first began during the Renaissance. The concepts these travelers conveyed back to their homelands would influence Heritage, government, publications and fashion. Until the Renaissance, Britain was regarded as certain thing of a wilds, needing Heritage and refinement.
The long greatest innovation of The Renaissance era was the printing press. Publishing alerted the whole communal economics of reading and discovering. All the Italian Renaissance is most familiar to scholars, the literary harvest of Renaissance England competitors anything additional of the time span. The English Renaissance produced some of the atmost works of literature.
The superior types of English publication during the Renaissance were the poem and the drama. We can found the elegy, the tragedy, and the pastoral in 16th century. Near the close of the English Renaissance John Milton created his Epic paradise lost.
The theatre in Renaissance England gradually evolved from town carnival to a bona fire cultural organisation. In 1567, The Red Lion was erected on the outskirts of London, one of the first financial play houses. From the very starting, the theatre had its dictators. Many show the theatre was an invention to sloth, which children forsaking their investigations and labourers leaving work to see the performances.
By the middle of the 17th century the unbounded optimism and humanist essence of the Renaissance could not proceed on eternally. In England, the increase of puritanism, itself an offshoot of Renaissance philosophy. Another reason for end of the English Renaissance ce was the failure of ruler Elizabeth I to produce an heir.
- John Lyly (dramatist)
- Thomas Kyd (dramatist)
- Christopher Marlow (dramatist)
- William Shakespeare ( the greatest dramatist)
- Sir Philip Sydney (poet, critic)
- Edmund Spenser (poet)
- Francis Bacon (essayist)
- John Donne (Metaphysical poet)
- Ben Johnson (classicist, dramatist and critic)
Edmund Spenser:-
"Be bold, and everywhere be bold"
Edmund Spenser considered as a greatest English poet of Elizabethan age or Renaissance era. He was born in 1552/53 in London, England and died on 13 January, 1599 in London, England. He is resting at Westminster Abbey. He is famous for his best work "The Faerie Queene ".
Life:-
Edmund Spenser was one of the three children of Elizabeth and and John Spenser who was a Lancashire gentleman by birth who had settled in London and become a free journeyman of the merchant Taylor's company. He was studied at the merchant Taylor's school from 1561 to 1569. There he was influenced by the famous feminist educator Richard Mulcaster who imparted to Spencer the notion that a man must use his learning in the service of the public good.
Spenser joined Pembroke hall, Cambridge University, in 1569 as a poor scholar. There he also continued his study of the Greek and Latin classics. After receiving his BA in 1573 and his Ma in 1576 he became a man of action as well as of letters. In the age that encouraged self fashioning, Spencer firmly established himself as Elizabeth's poet Laureate.
Works:-
Spenser lived the rest of his life in Ireland, and this love of the Irish countryside is evident in his poetry. To understand Edmund Spenser's less in the extraordinary literary Renaissance that took place in England during the last two decades of the reign of Queen Elizabeth, it is helpful to begin with the remarks of the foremost literary critic of the age sir Phillip Sidney. The Shepherds Calendar is Edmund Spenser's, the first major work which appeared in 1579.
The first three books of The Faerie Queene were published in 1590, and the second set of three books were published in 1596. It is an algorical work. It was one of the first attempts at an English Epic poem which based on the Italian classics. Spenser wrote The Faerie Queene in honour of Queen Elizabeth. In addition to The Faerie Queene, Spenser wrote the very romantic cycle of sonnets called Amoretti, which he published in 1594 with his Epithalamium.
Note:- In this blog I try to define the Renaissance age and poet Edmund Spenser. Thank you 😊.
Words:- 1553
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